He developed theory of evolution against a backdrop of disbelief and scepticism. Collected evidence over 20 years, and published conclusions in On the Origin of Species (1859).Charles Robert Darwin was born in the town of Shrewsbury, England on February 12th 1809. He was the fifth of six children of wealthy society doctor and financier Robert Darwin and Susannah Darwin. Charles Dies April 19, 1882 age seventy-three.